Projekt J2-4424
Logotip programa/financerja
Naslov in šifra projekta / GA no.
J2-4424
Celostni pristop za ohranjanje stenskih poslikav kulturne dediščine
An integrated approach for conservation of cultural heritage wall paintings
Partnerji projekta in njihovi logotipi
Zavod za gradbeništvo Slovenije
Zavod za varstvo kulturne dediščine Slovenije
Univerza v Mariboru
Igea
GeM2A
Vodja projekta:
Andreja Pondelak
Vodja projekta na ZAG:
Andreja Pondelak
Projektna skupina:
Seznam projektne skupine SICRIS
Trajanje projekta: 01. 10. 2022 – 30. 09. 2025
Višina financiranja
ARRS:
- 2022 0,75 FTE cenovne kategorije B
- 2023 1,5 FTE cenovne kategorije B
- 2024 1,5 FTE cenovne kategorije B
- 2025 0,75 FTE cenovne kategorije B
Povzetek projekta SI:
Ohranjanje kulturne dediščine (KD) je edini način za njen učinkovit prenos na prihodnje generacije. Ključ do uspešnega ohranjanja zgodovinskega materiala je multidisciplinarni pristop, ki vključuje veliko število korakov, od temeljnega razumevanja kulturne dediščine in njenega stanja do ustrezne izbire in izvedbe potrebnih konservatorskih posegov. Da bi zagotovili prihodnost kulturne dediščine, je potrebno preverjati učinkovitost konservatorskih posegov ter dolgoročno spremljati KD. Stenske poslikave so ena najpomembnejših vrst kulturne dediščine. Tiste , ki krasijo fasade, so še posebej podvržene propadanju, saj so neposredno izpostavljene okoljskim vplivom. Digitalna dokumentacija lahko bistveno izboljša razumevanje njihovega sedanjega stanja ter načrtovanje vzdrževanja, konservatorske obnove in promocije. Napredne tehnike so lahko še posebej koristne pri zagotavljanju celovite ocene preiskovane površine, saj se lahko pridobljeni podatki uporabijo za opredelitev tistih posebnih območij, na katerih so potrebne nadaljnje analitične meritve, vzorčenje, laboratorijske analize ali konservatorsko-restavratorski posegi. Uporaba analitičnih orodij je zelo zaželena pri razvoju novih materialov, kot so novi postopki čiščenja in utrjevanja, predstavljeni v projektu, saj jih je mogoče uporabiti za spremljane stanja KD po posegih. Takšni znanstveni pristopi so zelo dobrodošli, saj je dolgoročna učinkovitost novih postopkov še vedno neraziskana.
V predlaganem raziskovalnem projektu se bomo osredotočili na celostni pristop k ohranjanju stenskih poslikav z (a) uporabo napredne neinvazivne opreme (z uporabo dronov) za ocenjevanje stanja zgodovinskih materialov in spremljanje učinkovitosti konservatorskih posegov, (b) najsodobnejšim pristopom čiščenja stenskih poslikav z vključitvijo računalniškega modeliranja in (c) razvojem novega učinkovitega postopka utrjevanja z oceno stabilnosti novega sistema utrjevanja v zunanjem okolju. Z namenom, da bi izboljšali kakovost, selektivnost, minimalno tveganje in cenovno dostopnost, bomo sistematično preizkušali in optimizirali izbrane tradicionalne in napredne sisteme za čiščenje stenskih poslikav. Poseben poudarek bo na razvoju analitičnega pristopa za objektivno oceno sistemov čiščenja, testov in posegov s poudarkom na optimizaciji neinvazivnih analitičnih orodij. Uvedba računalniškega modeliranja in molekulske simulacije izbranih sistemov čiščenja bo pripomogla k boljšemu razumevanju postopkov čiščenja. Izboljšanje učinkovitosti utrjevanja bomo dosegli z razvojem novega postopka utrjevanja z uporabo kombinacije dveh utrjevalcev: komercialno dostopne disperzije nanodelcev Ca(OH)2 in vodne raztopine kalcijevega acetoacetata. Iskali bomo sinergijske učinke obeh uporabljenih utrjevalcev ter ocenili stabilnost novega sistema utrjevanja v zunanjem okolju. V projektu razvite rešitve bomo integirali v celovit konzervatorski poseg in ga prikazali na študijskem primeru, na stenski poslikavi na fasadi cerkve Marijinega oznanjenja, Crngrob, Škofja Loka, Slovenija. Poleg tega bomo s pomočjo dronov zbirali podatke, potrebne za 3D-modeliranje ocene stanja izbrane stenske poslikave, ter za spremljanje učinkovitosti po konzervatorskih posegih.
Povzetek projekta EN:
The preservation of cultural heritage (CH) is the only way to effectively transfer it to future generations. Given its importance, the key for a successful preservation of historical materials is a multidisciplinary approach to conservation issues, acquiring great number of steps, from fundamental understanding of CH and its condition to appropriate choice and implementation of conservation interventions needed. In order to ensure the future of CH, validation of the effectiveness of conservation interventions needs to be performed, as well as long-term monitoring of the CH itself. Wall paintings represent one of the most important types of CH. Particularly prone to decay are thee decorating architectural façades, since they suffer direct exposure to environmental conditions. Digital documentation can significantly improve the understanding of their present state, as well as planning of their preservation, maintenance, presentation and promotion. Advanced techniques can be particularly useful to provide an overall assessment of the whole investigated surface, which can be profitably used to identify those specific areas in which further analytical measurements, sampling or laboratory analysis are needed or conservation treatments required. In addition, use of optimised analytical tools is highly desirable in the development of new materials for conservation (such as the new cleaning and consolidation procedures presented in the project) as they can be used to monitor the condition of CH after interventions. Such scientific approaches are highly encouraged since the long-term effectiveness of novel treatments is still unexplored.
In the proposed research project we will focus on the integrated approach for conservation of wall paintings, by (a) using advanced non-invasive equipment (using drones) for evaluating the condition of historic materials as well as monitoring the effectiveness of conservation interventions, (b) beyond state of the art approach to the cleaning of wall paintings with integration of computer modelling, and (c) development of novel effective consolidation procedure with assessment of the stability of developed consolidation system in outdoor environment. We will systematically test and optimize selected traditional and advanced systems for cleaning of wall paintings in order to improve control, selectivity, minimal risk and cost efficiency. Special focus will be put on the development of an analytical approach to objectively assess cleaning systems, tests and treatments, with emphasis on the optimisation of non-invasive analytical tools. Introduction of the chemical modelling and molecular simulations of interactions of selected cleaning and CH materials will further enhance understanding of cleaning treatments. In the field of consolidation, we will develop novel consolidation procedure using combination of two consolidants: commercially available dispersion of nanoparticles of Ca(OH)2 and water solution of calcium acetoacetate in order to enhance consolidation effectiveness. We will study the synergistic effect of using both consolidants in the same process and asses’ novel consolidation system regarding stability in outdoor environment. Developed solutions will be integrated into the comprehensive conservation process of wall paintings and demonstrated on the real case: wall paintings on the façade of the church of the Annunciation of Mary, Crngrob, Škofja Loka, Slovenia. Moreover, we will use drones to collect the data needed for 3D modelling to assess the condition of selected wall paintings and to monitor the effectiveness of the conservation interventions.
